Epidermal barrier components

The epidermal barrier, primarily located within the stratum corneum, is a specialized structure composed of protein-rich corneocytes embedded in a lipid-rich extracellular matrix [1]. This "bricks and mortar" arrangement consists of proteins such as keratin, filaggrin, and loricrin, alongside lipids including ceramides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids [2][3]. Its primary biological function is to maintain homeostasis by preventing transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and acting as a physical and chemical shield against environmental pathogens and allergens [1]. In conditions like atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and xerosis, the barrier is often compromised due to genetic deficiencies or environmental damage, leading to inflammation and infection [2]. Therapeutic strategies target these structures using emollients to provide occlusion, humectants to draw in moisture, and barrier-repair creams that replenish missing lipid components [4].

Other names

Multiple skin proteins and lipid structuresStratum corneum barrierSkin lipid matrixCornified envelopeEpidermal barrier

Occlusion of the stratum corneum to prevent water loss, humectancy to attract moisture, and replenishment of essential lipids to restore structural integrity [1][4].