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Epidermal keratinization process

Molecular classification: Other (biological process; not a receptor, enzyme, transporter, or transcription factor)

Overview

The epidermal keratinization process is the stepwise transformation of skin epithelial cells (keratinocytes) from progenitors in the stratum basale to terminally differentiated, flattened, dead cells filled with keratin in the stratum corneum[3][4][5][6]. This process forms the waterproof, protective outer barrier of the skin and similar tough structures (hair, nails, claws), and is regulated by factors such as epidermal growth factor, retinoids, and calcium[4][5]. Disorders arise when the steps or speed of keratinization are aberrant, as seen in psoriasis and other skin diseases[3][4].

Other names: KeratinizationCornification

Biological functions

Formation of protective epidermal barrierCellular differentiationCell death (programmed/terminal)WaterproofingMechanical resilience

Disease associations

Skin disorders (Psoriasis, Ichthyosis, Keratinization disorders)Barrier dysfunction (in dermatological conditions)

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