Epstein-Barr virus peptide–major histocompatibility complex on B cell (EBV-peptide-MHC)

The EBV-peptide-MHC complex on infected B cells consists of viral peptides generated from EBV proteins bound to either class I or II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules on B cell surfaces. These complexes allow the immune system—specifically T cells—to recognize and eliminate EBV-infected cells. MHC class I complexes typically present EBV antigens to CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, while MHC class II complexes present to CD4+ helper T cells. The specificity and immunogenicity of these complexes depend on the EBV peptide and the host's HLA allele. Differences in allele expression (e.g., specific HLA subtypes) and peptide repertoire determine the effectiveness of immune recognition and susceptibility to infection and EBV-associated cancers. EBV exploits MHC presentation pathways for immune evasion, and the peptide-MHC complexes themselves are targets for immunotherapies and diagnostics in EBV-driven diseases.

Other names

EBV peptide-MHC complexEBV epitope–MHC complexEBV pMHC complex

Peptide-MHC complexes are recognized by T cell receptors, activating targeted lysis of infected cells. Drugs or engineered cells may bind the complex and trigger cell death or immune activation.