Equine infectious anemia virus envelope glycoprotein gp45 (gp45)

The Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) envelope glycoprotein gp45 is the transmembrane (TM) subunit of the viral envelope complex, produced by the proteolytic cleavage of the gp135 precursor protein [1]. It plays a critical role in the viral life cycle by mediating the fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane, a process essential for the delivery of the viral genome into the cytoplasm [2]. Structurally, gp45 contains key functional domains including a hydrophobic fusion peptide, two heptad repeat regions (HR1 and HR2), and a transmembrane anchor [3]. During infection, gp45 undergoes a dramatic conformational change that brings the viral and cellular membranes into close proximity, facilitating pore formation [4]. Because of its central role in viral entry, gp45 is a primary target for the development of fusion inhibitors and subunit vaccines [5]. Experimental peptides derived from the HR2 region, such as EIAV-C45, have demonstrated the ability to block EIAV infection by interfering with the assembly of the six-helix bundle [6]. Understanding the dynamics of gp45 is vital for managing Equine Infectious Anemia, a persistent and potentially fatal disease in equids [7]. Sources: [1] UniProt P03322 (ENV_EIAV) [2] PubMed PMID: 11507211 [3] PubMed PMID: 15141005 [4] PubMed PMID: 12857894 [5] PubMed PMID: 21835158 [6] PubMed PMID: 15141005 [7] Merck Veterinary Manual - Equine Infectious Anemia

Other names

Transmembrane glycoprotein gp45TM proteinEIAV gp45Envelope glycoprotein gp45gp45 subunit

Inhibition of viral-host membrane fusion by binding to the heptad repeat regions of the transmembrane glycoprotein, preventing the formation of the six-helix bundle required for entry.