Escherichia coli O157 (E. coli O157)

Escherichia coli O157 is a major serogroup of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and a significant foodborne pathogen responsible for severe gastrointestinal illness [1]. It is classified as an enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and is distinguished by its ability to produce potent Shiga toxins (Stx1 and Stx2), which are the primary virulence factors that damage host vascular endothelial cells [2]. Clinically, infection often leads to hemorrhagic colitis, characterized by bloody diarrhea, and can progress to Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), a life-threatening condition involving acute renal failure and hemolytic anemia [3]. The management of E. coli O157 is unique because the administration of certain antibiotics can induce a stress response in the bacteria, leading to increased toxin expression and a higher risk of HUS [4]. Consequently, therapeutic approaches are largely supportive, though research into toxin-neutralizing agents and vaccines continues to be a priority for preventing severe complications [5].

Other names

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157EHEC O157Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157STEC O157VTEC O157Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157

Antibiotics target bacterial cell wall or protein synthesis, but their use is restricted due to the risk of inducing the SOS response and increasing Shiga toxin release. Experimental monoclonal antibodies aim to neutralize Shiga toxins directly.