Eukaryotic 80S ribosome (80S ribosome) (80S ribosome)

The eukaryotic 80S ribosome is the primary molecular machine responsible for protein synthesis within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells [1]. It is composed of two major subunits: the small 40S subunit, which decodes messenger RNA (mRNA), and the large 60S subunit, which catalyzes peptide bond formation via its peptidyl transferase center [2]. While most antibacterial agents are designed to selectively target the prokaryotic 70S ribosome, the host 80S ribosome is the target of specific therapeutic agents like omacetaxine mepesuccinate, used in treating chronic myeloid leukemia by inhibiting the initial stages of protein translation [3]. Furthermore, the 80S ribosome is frequently hijacked by viruses to facilitate the production of viral proteins, making it a critical interface in infectious disease [4]. Due to its fundamental role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, pharmacological modulation of the 80S ribosome often results in significant side effects, such as myelosuppression, necessitating precise dosing and monitoring [5]. Dysregulation of ribosomal components is also linked to a group of disorders known as ribosomopathies, which can lead to bone marrow failure and increased cancer risk [6]. In oncology, targeting the increased translational demand of cancer cells via the 80S ribosome remains an area of active research to exploit the metabolic vulnerabilities of malignant cells [7].

Other names

Host 80S ribosomeCytoplasmic ribosomeEukaryotic translation machinery80S ribonucleoprotein complex

Inhibition of protein synthesis by competing with the aminoacyl-tRNA for binding to the A-site of the 60S subunit, preventing the formation of the initial peptide bond, or inhibiting the translocation of the ribosome along the mRNA template.