Eukaryotic plasma membrane (PM)

The eukaryotic plasma membrane is a complex, semi-permeable lipid bilayer that defines the boundary of the cell and maintains the essential differences between the cytosol and the extracellular environment (Alberts et al., 2002). It is primarily composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, and integral or peripheral proteins that facilitate vital processes such as nutrient transport, waste excretion, and signal transduction (Lodish et al., 2000). While the membrane contains numerous specific protein targets like receptors and ion channels, the lipid bilayer itself serves as a target for certain therapeutic agents, particularly in the treatment of fungal and parasitic infections (van Meer et al., 2008). For instance, polyene antifungals like Amphotericin B exert their effect by binding to ergosterol within the fungal plasma membrane, leading to the formation of aqueous pores and subsequent cell death (Baginski & Czub, 2009). However, targeting the plasma membrane presents significant safety challenges, as the structural similarities between host and pathogen membranes can lead to off-target effects such as hemolysis and systemic toxicity.

Other names

Cell membranePlasmalemmaCytoplasmic membranePhospholipid bilayer

Pore formation, Lipid bilayer disruption, Alteration of membrane fluidity, Inhibition of phospholipid metabolism, Modulation of membrane-bound protein activity