Exosome release

Exosome release is a complex, regulated cellular process in which small vesicles called exosomes are formed within multivesicular bodies (MVBs) in the endosomal system and then secreted into the extracellular space through MVB fusion with the plasma membrane[4][5][7]. Exosome release is mediated by molecular machinery including Rab GTPases (especially Rab27a/b, Rab11, Rab35), SNARE proteins (such as VAMP7, SNAP-23, syntaxins), and ADAM proteases (ADAM10, ADAM17) which help liberate vesicles tethered to the membrane[1][5]. Exosomes carry diverse cargoes (proteins, lipids, RNAs) and mediate intercellular communication, modulate immune responses, contribute to inflammation, and influence tissue regeneration and disease progression[2][4][6]. The intensity and specificity of exosome release is controlled by cell type, signaling pathways (e.g., ERK1/2 stimulation, PDK1 inhibition), and microenvironmental cues[1]. Dysregulation of exosome release is implicated in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and various inflammatory or tissue repair disorders[2][4][6]. Exosome release is not a singular molecular entity but a multifactorial process, so it is not classified as a therapeutic target in the conventional sense.

Other names

Exosome secretionExosomal secretionExocytosis of exosomes