Extracellular collagen

Extracellular collagen is the primary structural protein of the extracellular matrix (ECM), providing mechanical strength and scaffolding to connective tissues such as skin, bone, and cartilage (StatPearls, 2023). It consists of three polypeptide chains wound into a triple helix, which further assemble into fibrils and fibers to maintain tissue integrity (UniProt, 2024). Beyond its structural role, collagen serves as a signaling molecule by interacting with cell surface receptors like integrins and discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) to regulate cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation (Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2009). In pathological conditions, the dysregulation of collagen metabolism leads to excessive deposition (fibrosis) or degradation, contributing to diseases like pulmonary fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer metastasis (Journal of Cell Science, 2011). Therapeutic interventions target collagen through enzymatic degradation, such as collagenase for Dupuytren's contracture, or by inhibiting its synthesis and cross-linking to treat fibrotic disorders (FDA, 2010). Additionally, collagen-based biomaterials are used in regenerative medicine and wound healing to promote tissue repair (Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2003).

Other names

CollagenFibrillar collagenExtracellular matrix collagenInterstitial collagen

Enzymatic degradation of collagen fibers; Inhibition of collagen synthesis; Inhibition of lysyl oxidase (LOX) to prevent collagen cross-linking; Modulation of TGF-beta signaling to reduce collagen production.