Extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules (ECM/CAMs)

The extracellular matrix (ECM) and adhesion molecules constitute a diverse group of proteins and polysaccharides that provide the structural framework for tissues and mediate critical cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions [1]. The ECM is composed of structural proteins like collagen and elastin, specialized proteins such as fibronectin and laminin, and proteoglycans that sequester growth factors and regulate the physical properties of the microenvironment [2]. Adhesion molecules, including integrins, cadherins, selectins, and members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, serve as the primary sensors and anchors that allow cells to respond to their surroundings and migrate through tissues [3]. In disease states, the ECM is often pathologically remodeled; for instance, excessive collagen deposition leads to fibrosis, while degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) facilitates cancer cell invasion and metastasis [4]. Pharmacological targeting of these molecules includes the use of integrin inhibitors to treat autoimmune disorders and anti-platelet agents to prevent thrombosis, highlighting their significance as therapeutic nodes [5]. However, targeting these ubiquitous components presents challenges, such as maintaining normal tissue integrity and wound healing while inhibiting pathological processes [5]. Citations: [1] Frantz, C., et al. (2010) J Cell Sci; [2] Hynes, R. O. (2009) Science; [3] Khalili, A. A., & Ahmad, M. R. (2015) Int J Mol Sci; [4] Lu, P., et al. (2012) Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol; [5] Ley, K., et al. (2016) Nat Rev Drug Discov.

Other names

ECM proteinsCell adhesion moleculesMatrisomeIntercellular adhesion moleculesCell-matrix adhesion molecules

Inhibition of cell-surface adhesion receptors such as integrins to prevent leukocyte trafficking or platelet aggregation, and enzymatic degradation of structural ECM components like collagen to treat fibrotic conditions [4, 5].