Extracellular matrix and periodontal cell surface protein interfaces

The extracellular matrix (ECM) and periodontal cell surface protein interfaces comprise the dynamic structural and signaling network between periodontal cells and their surrounding environment (Hakkinen et al., 2000). This interface is primarily mediated by cell surface receptors such as integrins (e.g., alpha-V beta-3, alpha-5 beta-1) and syndecans, which bind to specialized ECM components like periostin, collagen, fibronectin, and laminin (Larjava et al., 2014). These interactions are fundamental for the mechanical stability of the tooth within the alveolar socket and for regulating cellular processes like adhesion, migration, and osteogenic differentiation (Rios et al., 2008). In the context of periodontal disease, the degradation of these interfaces by bacterial enzymes and host-derived matrix metalloproteinases leads to the loss of connective tissue attachment and bone. Therapeutic interventions in regenerative dentistry, such as enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) and various growth factors, target these interfaces to stimulate the biological processes necessary for the functional restoration of the periodontium (Miron et al., 2016).

Other names

Periodontal cell-matrix interfacePeriodontal ligament cell-surface interactionsECM-cell interface in the periodontiumPeriodontal cell-surface protein interfaces

Modulation of cell-matrix interactions to promote recruitment, attachment, and differentiation of periodontal progenitor cells, mimicking the process of cementogenesis and periodontal development (Miron et al., 2016; Hammarström, 1997).