Extracellular Matrix Scaffolding

Extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolding refers to the structural and functional role of the ECM as a three-dimensional network of macromolecules that provides both physical support and biochemical cues for cells within tissues. The ECM is composed primarily of proteins (such as collagens, elastins, fibronectins, and laminins), glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans. Its composition and organization are highly tissue-specific. It influences cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, adhesion, gene expression, and cell fate. It also acts as a reservoir for growth factors and forms boundaries between tissues. Dysregulation of ECM remodeling underlies pathological processes like fibrosis or cancer metastasis. Decellularized ECM scaffolds are used in regenerative medicine for tissue reconstruction.