Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of oral biofilm (EPS)

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of oral biofilm represent a complex assembly of bacterial macromolecules, including exopolysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular DNA (eDNA), that form the structural scaffold of dental plaque (Flemming & Wingender, 2010, Nature Reviews Microbiology). These macromolecules are essential for the initial adhesion of bacteria to the tooth surface and provide a protective microenvironment that shields pathogens from host immune defenses and antimicrobial agents (Koo et al., 2017, Nature Reviews Microbiology). In the context of oral health, the overproduction of EPS, particularly glucans synthesized by Streptococcus mutans, facilitates the development of cariogenic biofilms and periodontal disease (Bowen & Koo, 2011, Caries Research). Therapeutic targeting of these macromolecules aims to destabilize the biofilm architecture through enzymatic degradation (e.g., DNase I for eDNA) or by inhibiting the enzymes responsible for their synthesis (Whitchurch et al., 2002, Science). By disrupting the physical integrity of the EPS matrix, these strategies enhance the penetration and efficacy of conventional antibiotics and antiseptics. This approach is increasingly recognized as a vital component of anti-biofilm therapy to manage chronic oral infections and prevent systemic health issues linked to oral pathogens (Koo et al., 2017, Nature Reviews Microbiology).

Other names

Biofilm matrixExtracellular matrix of dental plaqueExopolysaccharidesExtracellular DNAeDNABacterial macromolecules

The mechanism involves the enzymatic hydrolysis of matrix components (e.g., polysaccharides and eDNA) and the inhibition of biosynthetic enzymes like glucosyltransferases to prevent matrix assembly and promote biofilm dispersal (Koo et al., 2017, Nature Reviews Microbiology).