Family with sequence similarity 3 member D (FAM3D)

Family with sequence similarity 3 member D (FAM3D) is a secreted, cytokine-like protein characterized by a 4-helix-bundle structure, and is one of four members of the FAM3 family. It functions as a chemoattractant for neutrophils and monocytes via the formyl peptide receptors FPR1 and FPR2, promoting their recruitment to inflamed tissues. FAM3D is highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, where it is regulated by nutritional status, but its levels are also upregulated in vascular diseases including abdominal aortic aneurysm and hypertension. In these contexts, FAM3D promotes neutrophil and monocyte infiltration, vascular inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction by causing oxidative stress and uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Experimental antagonism or genetic deficiency of FAM3D has shown reduced inflammation, improved vascular function, and protection from vascular disease in animal models, identifying it as a promising, though still preclinical, therapeutic target for inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases[1][2][3].

Other names

Protein FAM3DUNQ567/PRO1130EF7OIT1Oncoprotein-induced transcript 1Cytokine-like protein EF-7

FAM3D-neutralizing antibody inhibits neutrophil recruitment and vascular inflammation by blocking FAM3D interaction with its receptors (formyl peptide receptor 1 and 2). Antagonists of formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) and formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) block FAM3D function in the vascular wall. Modulation of oxidative stress and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling via FPR1/FPR2 pathway.