Fatty acyl-coenzyme A desaturase

Fatty acyl-coenzyme A desaturases are a family of enzymes that catalyze the introduction of *cis*-double bonds at specific positions within saturated fatty acyl-CoA substrates. The most studied member is Δ9-fatty acid desaturase—also known as stearoyl-CoA desaturase—which introduces a double bond at the ninth carbon from the carboxyl end. These enzymes play an essential role in producing monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids that are critical components for cell membranes and precursors for various complex lipids. Their activity influences cellular membrane properties, signaling pathways, and overall lipid metabolism. Dysregulation has been linked to several diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes due to their central role in maintaining lipid homeostasis.

Other names

Fatty acid desaturaseAcyl-CoA desaturaseΔ9-fatty acid desaturase (for the most common subtype)Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD, for a well-studied member)FADS1FADS2SCD1 (gene/protein family members)

Inhibition or modulation of enzymatic activity to alter unsaturated fatty acid levels.