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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Feline calicivirus (FCV)
- Target
- FCV
- Molecular classification
- Virus, Positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus, Non-enveloped virus, Caliciviridae family, Vesivirus genus
01
Overview
Feline calicivirus is a highly contagious, non-enveloped RNA virus in the Caliciviridae family, genus Vesivirus. It causes a range of clinical signs in cats, most commonly upper respiratory infection characterized by sneezing, nasal and eye discharge, conjunctivitis, and painful oral ulcers, sometimes accompanied by fever and lethargy. Some strains can lead to severe disease with pneumonia, joint pain (lameness), hemorrhagic syndrome, and—rarely—virulent systemic disease with multi-organ failure. FCV particles feature cup-shaped depressions (“calyx”) and infect host cells primarily by interacting with the feline junctional adhesion molecule 1 (FeJAM-1) via variable regions of the VP1 capsid protein. The virus evolves rapidly, with multiple genotypes and antigenic variants worldwide. Control relies mainly on vaccination and supportive care, as no specific antiviral therapy is indicated; challenges persist due to genetic diversity, persistent infection, and environmental resilience.
- Other names
- FCVCat calicivirusFeline respiratory virusVesivirus (by genus)
02
Mechanism of action
Vaccines: Induce feline immune response against FCV, neutralizing the virus and providing protection
03
Biological functions
PathogenInfects feline cells (primarily respiratory and oral mucosa)Binds feline junctional adhesion molecule 1 (FeJAM-1) via capsid protein VP1
04
Disease associations
Infection (upper respiratory tract infection in cats)Oral disease (ulcers, stomatitis)Virulent systemic disease (VSD)
05
Safety considerations
High mutation rate leading to immune escape and varied clinical severitySome strains cause virulent systemic disease with high morbidity and mortality—even in vaccinated catsPersistent shedding and environmental survival complicate control in multi-cat facilitiesVaccines may not protect against all strains due to antigenic diversity
06
Interacting drugs
No direct-acting antiviral drugs approved specifically for feline calicivirus. Management is supportive; some studies investigate broad-spectrum antivirals and immunomodulators, but none are standard of care
1 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Presence of FCV RNA or antigen in oral, nasal, or conjunctival swabs, detected by PCR or viral isolationNo standard human biomarker panels; diagnosis is generally through direct detection of viral nucleic acid or antigen
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