Ferric iron reduction

Ferric iron reduction is the biochemical conversion of ferric iron (Fe³⁺) to ferrous iron (Fe²⁺) through electron transfer. This process is catalyzed by a diverse group of enzymes called ferric iron reductases, present in bacteria, yeasts, and higher organisms. In microbes, ferric iron serves as a terminal electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions (dissimilatory iron reduction), while in most eukaryotes—including humans—ferric reductases enable cellular iron uptake and homeostasis (assimilatory iron reduction). The underlying mechanisms involve the transfer of electrons from species like flavins or cytochromes to Fe³⁺, either at the cell surface or within organelles. Disruption of this process impacts iron bioavailability, with physiological relevance in anemia, infection, and metabolic disorders.

Other names

Ferric reductaseiron(III) reductaseFe(III) reductaseferric reduction

Reduction of ferric iron (Fe³⁺) to ferrous iron (Fe²⁺) using electrons donated from flavins, cytochromes, or NAD(P)H. Generation of proton motive force during microbial respiration (dissimilatory process).