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Fetal Globin Gene Expression (HbF Expression)
- Target
- HbF Expression
- Molecular classification
- Gene Expression, Transcription, Developmental Biology, Epigenetics
01
Overview
Fetal globin gene expression refers to the transcription and translation of the γ-globin genes (HBG1 and HBG2), which are highly active during fetal development. These genes encode the gamma chains of fetal hemoglobin (HbF, α2γ2), which predominates in the fetus and is gradually replaced by adult hemoglobin (HbA, α2β2) after birth. The switch from fetal to adult globin gene expression is a tightly regulated developmental process. Reactivation of fetal globin gene expression is a therapeutic strategy for disorders like sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia.
- Other names
- Gamma Globin Gene ExpressionHBG1/HBG2 ExpressionFetal Hemoglobin Productionγ-globin Expression
02
Mechanism of action
Hydroxyurea reduces repressors' levels leading to increased HbF synthesis.
03
Biological functions
Oxygen transport during fetal developmentErythropoiesisHemoglobin switchingRegulation of gene expression
04
Disease associations
Sickle cell diseaseBeta-thalassemiaHereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH)Anemia
05
Safety considerations
Myelosuppression (with hydroxyurea)Off-target effects of genome editing
06
Interacting drugs
Hydroxyurea
07
Biomarkers
HbF levelsγ-globin mRNA levels
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