“Fibroinflammatory states” is an umbrella, non-molecular term referring to conditions characterized by concurrent or linked fibrosis (excess extracellular matrix deposition and scarring driven by activated fibroblasts) and inflammation across organs and diseases. It encompasses processes such as pulmonary fibrosis and systemic entities like IgG4-related disease, and it is also used analytically to describe tumor subtypes with high inflammatory signaling and distinct immunosuppressive microenvironments. Because it is not a single molecule, receptor, enzyme, or gene product, it is not considered a therapeutic target per se; management typically focuses on the underlying disease mechanism (e.g., antifibrotics in pulmonary fibrosis, corticosteroids/immunomodulators in IgG4-related disease, or immunotherapy strategies in inflammation-defined tumor subtypes).
Other names
Fibro-inflammatory statesFibroinflammationFibroinflammatory disease spectrumFibrosis and inflammation
02
Biological functions
Immune responseTissue repair and extracellular matrix depositionFibroblast activation and collagen production
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Disease associations
InflammationCancer (tumor microenvironment/subtypes associated with inflammatory signaling)Cardiovascular disease (via fibrosis as a pathological process)Pulmonary disease (pulmonary fibrosis)Other (IgG4-related disease as a systemic fibroinflammatory condition)
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Safety considerations
Conceptual, not a discrete drug target; heterogeneity across organs and diseases complicates targeted therapy and biomarker standardizationRisk of misclassification and overtreatment if “fibroinflammatory state” is treated as a single entity rather than disease-specific pathology (e.g., pulmonary fibrosis vs. IgG4-related disease)
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Biomarkers
Serum IgG4 for IgG4-related fibroinflammatory disease (elevated in many but not all cases; not sufficiently sensitive or specific)C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as systemic inflammatory response markers used in cancer cohorts examining fibroinflammatory/immunologic subtypesTumor immune checkpoint expression and immune cell infiltration patterns linked to inflammation-high tumor subtypes (e.g., increased M2 macrophages, resting NK/CD4 memory; decreased Tfh/B plasma cells)
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