Flavivirus antigens (N/A)

Flavivirus antigens encompass the structural and non-structural proteins of the Flavivirus genus, which includes significant human pathogens such as Dengue, Zika, West Nile, and Yellow Fever viruses [1, 7]. The primary antigenic targets for therapeutic intervention are the Envelope (E) protein and the Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) [2, 5]. The E protein is a surface glycoprotein that mediates viral attachment to host cell receptors and subsequent membrane fusion, making it the central target for neutralizing antibodies and vaccines [1, 15]. NS1 is a highly conserved glycoprotein that is both essential for intracellular viral replication and secreted as a hexamer into the host's circulation [4, 9]. Secreted NS1 acts as a potent virulence factor by triggering endothelial barrier dysfunction, leading to vascular leak, and by modulating the host immune response to facilitate viral persistence [3, 16]. Therapeutic strategies targeting these antigens include vaccines that elicit protective immunity and monoclonal antibodies designed to neutralize viral entry or block NS1-mediated pathogenesis [1, 17]. However, a major challenge in targeting Flavivirus antigens is the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), where non-neutralizing or sub-neutralizing antibodies facilitate viral entry into Fc-receptor-bearing cells, potentially exacerbating the disease [12, 13].

Other names

Flaviviral proteinsFlavivirus structural proteinsFlavivirus non-structural proteinsEnvelope proteinNS1 proteinprM proteinCapsid protein

Neutralization of viral particles to prevent host cell attachment, inhibition of pH-dependent membrane fusion, and blocking of secreted NS1-mediated endothelial dysfunction and immune evasion.