Flavonoid

Flavonoids are a large class of naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds found almost exclusively in plants. They are characterized by a 15-carbon skeleton consisting of two phenyl rings (A and B) connected by a heterocyclic pyran ring (C), often described as C6-C3-C6. Over 6000 different flavonoids have been identified, typically existing as glycosides or aglycones. Flavonoids play diverse roles in plants, including pigmentation, UV filtration, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and defense against pathogens. In humans, they are consumed through fruits, vegetables, teas, wines, and other plant-derived foods. Flavonoids exhibit antioxidant properties by scavenging free radicals; they also modulate various cellular signaling pathways involved in inflammation response, apoptosis regulation, neuroprotection, cardiovascular health support, and potentially cancer chemoprevention. While not considered therapeutic targets themselves—since they are not receptors or enzymes but rather small molecules—they can influence multiple biological targets within the body[1][4][5].

Other names

Bioflavonoidpolyphenolic secondary metabolite

Scavenging reactive oxygen species/free radicals[5]; Modulating kinase activity in signal transduction pathways[2]; Inhibiting inflammatory mediators[5]