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Folate Synthesis Pathway (Bacteria) (N/A)
- Target
- N/A
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme Pathway, Metabolic Pathway
01
Overview
The bacterial folate synthesis pathway is a metabolic route enabling bacteria to produce folate and its derivatives, essential cofactors for one-carbon transfer reactions vital for DNA, RNA, and amino acid synthesis. It begins with GTP, pABA, and glutamate as precursors. Key enzymes include guanine cyclohydrolase I (GCYH I), dihydroneopterin hydrolase, dihydroneopterin aldolase, hydroxymethyl-dihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase (HPPK), dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS), dihydrofolate synthase, and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). The pathway is a validated target for antimicrobial drugs because mammals cannot synthesize folate, making it a selective vulnerability in bacteria.
- Other names
- Folic Acid Biosynthetic PathwayVitamin B9 Synthesis (Bacteria)Tetrahydrofolate (THF) Biosynthesis (Bacteria)
02
Mechanism of action
Sulfonamides inhibit dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS). Trimethoprim inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Both block folate synthesis, inhibiting bacterial growth.
03
Biological functions
Folate biosynthesisOne-carbon transfer reactionsNucleotide synthesisAmino acid synthesisCell growthCell division
04
Disease associations
Infection
05
Safety considerations
Resistance development to sulfonamides and trimethoprim
06
Interacting drugs
Sulfonamides
1 more in the full profile.
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