Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O (FMDV-O)

Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O (FMDV-O) is a highly contagious viral pathogen within the Aphthovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family, primarily affecting cloven-hoofed animals such as cattle, pigs, and sheep [11, 14]. It is the most prevalent of the seven FMDV serotypes, responsible for the majority of global outbreaks [16, 18]. The virus features a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome that encodes a polyprotein subsequently cleaved by viral proteases, most notably the 3C protease (3Cpro), into functional structural and non-structural proteins [1, 3]. Therapeutic interventions include the use of inactivated vaccines, which provide serotype-specific protection, and the development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting essential viral enzymes like 3Cpro and the 3D RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3Dpol) [2, 4, 13]. Neutralizing antibodies often target the VP1 capsid protein, specifically the G-H loop containing the RGD motif that mediates binding to host cell integrin receptors [6, 14]. Management of FMDV-O is complicated by its high mutation rate, leading to antigenic drift and a lack of cross-protection between different serotypes [10, 20].

Other names

FMDV serotype OAphthovirus serotype OFoot-and-mouth disease virus type O

Inhibition of viral 3C protease, inhibition of 3D RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, neutralization of viral particles, and induction of host antiviral state.