Foot-and-mouth disease virus type O1 Campos (FMDV O1 Campos)

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type O1 Campos is a specific isolate of the FMDV serotype O, belonging to the Aphthovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family [1, 2]. It is a highly contagious pathogen that affects cloven-hoofed animals, including cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats, causing vesicles on the mouth and feet, leading to significant economic losses in the livestock industry [1, 3]. The O1 Campos strain is particularly notable as a widely used vaccine strain in South America due to its broad antigenicity within the O serotype [3, 5]. The virus consists of a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome enclosed in a non-enveloped icosahedral capsid composed of four structural proteins (VP1-VP4) [2, 4]. Key molecular targets within the virus for antiviral development include the 3C protease, which is essential for polyprotein processing, and the 3D RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which is responsible for genome replication [4]. The virus initiates infection by binding to host cell receptors, primarily integrins such as αvβ3 and αvβ6, via a conserved RGD motif in the VP1 protein [1, 2]. While no specific antiviral drugs are currently approved for clinical use in livestock, research focuses on small molecule inhibitors like ribavirin and vaccines to control outbreaks [3, 4].

Other names

FMDV O1 CamposFMDV O1/Campos/BRA/58Aphthovirus type O1 CamposFoot-and-mouth disease virus strain O1 Campos

Inhibition of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3Dpol) or viral 3C protease; neutralization of viral particles by vaccine-induced antibodies.