Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1)

Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) is a transcription factor encoded by the human *FOXO1* gene. It plays a central role in regulating gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis through insulin signaling pathways. FOXO1 is also crucial for determining whether preadipocytes commit to adipogenesis. Its activity is tightly regulated by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination—primarily through the PI3K/AKT pathway—which control its nuclear localization and DNA-binding ability. In its active form within the nucleus, unphosphorylated FOXO1 promotes transcription of genes involved in glucose production; when phosphorylated by AKT or SGK kinases, it translocates to the cytoplasm where it becomes inactive and subject to degradation. Beyond metabolic regulation, FOXO1 influences redox balance, bone mass maintenance via osteoblast control, cardiac hypertrophic growth responses to stress stimuli such as pressure overload or catecholamines, and has been implicated in cancer progression as well as stroke pathophysiology[1][2][3][5][7].

Other names

forkhead in rhabdomyosarcoma (FKHR)FOXO1AFOXO1A_HUMANforkhead box O1A[1][2]