Forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3)

Forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3), also known as scurfin, is a transcription factor that plays a central role in the immune system, particularly in the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). It is crucial for producing the unique chromatin architecture of regulatory T cells and subsequently promoting their immune-suppressive function. Mutations or defects in FOXP3 cause immunodeficiency polyendocrinopathy enteropathy X-linked syndrome (IPEX), a severe autoimmune disorder. In cancer, increased activity of FOXP3+ Tregs can suppress anti-tumor immunity; conversely, deficiency leads to autoimmunity due to loss of immune regulation.

Other names

Scurfin

Acts through direct DNA binding via its forkhead domain while forming dimers/oligomers through its central domains to regulate the expression of genes critical for Treg identity and suppressive function.