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Formaldehyde (CH₂O)

Target: CH₂O
Molecular classification: Aldehyde, Reactive Carbonyl Species

Overview

Formaldehyde (CH₂O) is a simple, highly reactive aldehyde produced endogenously through metabolic pathways and released exogenously from various sources. While it plays a role in certain biological processes, it is primarily known for its toxicity and carcinogenic properties. Its release from chemicals, particularly formaldehyde-releasing preservatives (FRPs), is a concern due to potential health effects. The body metabolizes formaldehyde through alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases (ADH5 and ALDH2) to mitigate its toxicity.

Other names: MethanalFormalin

Biological functions

Amino acid metabolism byproductDemethylation reaction byproductOne-carbon metabolism intermediateProtein modification (e.g., DNA and histones)

Disease associations

Cancer (nasopharyngeal, leukemia)Irritation of mucous membranesSkin rashes/burns (sensitization)Respiratory distress

Safety considerations

IrritantCarcinogenSensitizerNeurotoxicity at high concentrations

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