Formin-like protein 1 (FMNL1)

Formin-like protein 1 (FMNL1) is a member of the formin family, predominantly expressed in hematopoietic (blood-derived) cells, where it regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics critical for cell shape, migration, adhesion, and polarity[1][3][6]. In immune cells, FMNL1 is essential for processes such as monocyte differentiation and podosome formation, facilitating efficient migration by co-assembling with integrins at actin-rich structures[1]. FMNL1 has been implicated in cancer cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis, including a direct role in promoting metastatic activity via upregulation of chemokine receptor CXCR2 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma[2]. FMNL1 is also a potential autoantigen in membranous nephropathy, with anti-FMNL1 antibodies detected in patients[5]. Structurally, FMNL1 is regulated by small GTPases like Cdc42 and can form dimeric complexes that promote actin filament elongation[1][7]. Loss or dysregulation of FMNL1 can impair immune cell migration or polarity, while overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in several cancers[2]. No currently approved drugs target FMNL1 directly, but it remains an active subject of translational and biomarker research, especially in the context of immune cell function and cancer metastasis[1][2][5].

Other names

C17orf1C17orf1BFRL1FHOD4KW-13CLL-associated antigen KW-13leukocyte formin

Not applicable; no approved drugs targeting FMNL1. Research into anti-FMNL1 antibody effects in membranous nephropathy, and indirect oncological targeting via axis modulation (e.g., GATA3/FMNL1/CXCR2 in cancer)[2][5]