Formyl Peptide Receptor (FPR)

Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are a family of G protein-coupled receptors primarily expressed on immune cells like neutrophils and macrophages. They recognize N-formylated peptides from bacteria or mitochondria, triggering chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and other immune responses. FPRs play critical roles in host defense, inflammation, and tissue repair, but are also implicated in diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders. There are three main isoforms in humans: FPR1, FPR2 (ALX), and FPR3.

Other names

Formyl peptide receptorsFPR1FPR2ALXFPR3

Agonist or antagonist binding to FPRs modulates downstream signaling pathways (PLC/IP₃/Ca²⁺ mobilization, MAPK/ERK/p38 pathways), leading to altered cellular responses such as chemotaxis, ROS production, and cytokine release.