Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) and G protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84) (FFAR1 (for Free fatty acid receptor 1), GPR84 (for G protein-coupled receptor 84))

Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1), also known as G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), is a class A rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor that binds principally long-chain fatty acids and is highly expressed in pancreatic beta cells, enteroendocrine cells, and certain neurons and immune cells. It plays critical roles in regulating insulin and glucagon secretion, gut hormone levels, and possibly appetite and cognition, making it a key target in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and Alzheimer’s disease[1][5][6]. G protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84) is a class A G protein-coupled receptor activated by medium-chain fatty acids, predominantly expressed in immune cells such as monocytes and macrophages. It acts mainly as a pro-inflammatory and pro-phagocytic receptor, modulating inflammatory responses and immune cell functions, and is being investigated in the context of metabolic and cancer immunotherapy targeting macrophage activity[4][7]. Note: For structured databases, FFAR1 and GPR84 should be treated as separate targets due to their distinct gene/protein identities, functional roles, and ligand specificity.

Other names

G-protein coupled receptor 40GPR40GPR84

For Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1): Agonists bind and induce insulin secretion (in pancreatic beta cells), glucagon modulation (in alpha cells), and incretin hormone release in the gut. For G protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84): Agonists (mostly MCFAs) activate pro-inflammatory G_i protein signaling, promote phagocytosis in macrophages, and modulate immune cell function.