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Free Radicals (Oxidative Stress) (N/A)
- Target
- N/A
- Molecular classification
- Other
01
Overview
Free radicals are highly reactive molecules with unpaired electrons that can cause oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defenses, leading to damage of cellular components. While playing roles in cell signalling at low levels, high levels contribute to aging and diseases like cancer and cardiovascular disease.
- Other names
- Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS)Oxidative DamageFree Radical Damage
02
Mechanism of action
Antioxidants neutralize free radicals by donating electrons, reducing oxidative damage.
03
Biological functions
Cell signaling (low levels)Immune defense (low levels)Cell damage (high levels)Oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA
04
Disease associations
Cardiovascular diseasesNeurodegenerative disordersCancerDiabetes mellitusAtherosclerosisRespiratory diseasesAging
05
Safety considerations
High doses of antioxidant supplements may have adverse effects.Potential for disruption of redox signaling.Mixed evidence on efficacy of antioxidant supplementation for disease prevention.
06
Interacting drugs
Antioxidants (e.g., Vitamin C, Vitamin E, N-acetylcysteine)
3 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in DNAMalondialdehyde (MDA) for lipid peroxidationProtein carbonyls for protein oxidation
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