Fucoidan

Fucoidan is a long-chain, sulfated polysaccharide predominantly found in the cell walls of various species of brown algae. It exhibits diverse bioactivities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiviral, anticoagulant/antithrombotic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. These effects have been demonstrated in vitro, in animal models, and some early-phase human studies. Its activity often depends on molecular weight and degree/patterns of sulfation.

Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) via suppression of NF-kB signaling pathways; Suppression of inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and nitric oxide synthase; Modulation of immune responses by affecting cytokine production.