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Fusion protein gp41
- Molecular classification
- Viral protein, Transmembrane glycoprotein, Envelope protein
01
Overview
Fusion protein gp41 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates the fusion of HIV-1 and host cell membranes, enabling viral entry. It is a subunit of the envelope glycoprotein complex (Env), working in concert with gp120. Gp41 undergoes significant conformational changes during the fusion process, exposing a fusion peptide that inserts into the host cell membrane and ultimately forming a six-helix bundle structure that brings the viral and cellular membranes together. The MPER region of gp41 is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and a focus for drug development.
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of viral-cellular membrane fusion
03
Biological functions
Viral entryMembrane fusionReceptor binding (indirectly via gp120)
04
Disease associations
InfectionHIV-1 pathogenesisAIDS
05
Safety considerations
Development of resistance to entry inhibitorsConformational flexibility hindering vaccine design
06
Interacting drugs
Entry inhibitors (e.g., enfuvirtide)
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