G protein-coupled receptor 108 (GPR108)

G protein-coupled receptor 108 (GPR108) is a member of the seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor family, with homologs such as GPR107. It is expressed in human tissues including the brain, and may play a role in intracellular immune modulation, specifically activating NF-κB responses and attenuating Toll-like receptor signaling. GPR108 is structurally characterized by a large extracellular N-terminal domain and a seven-transmembrane domain. Its most well-studied function is as a conserved entry factor for adeno-associated virus (AAV), playing an essential role in the process of AAV-mediated gene delivery, which is foundational in certain gene therapy approaches. Despite its described functions, GPR108 remains a relatively uncharacterized receptor with a limited amount of direct therapeutic or biomarker application reflected in current literature. It is not currently the target of approved drugs, but is a crucial tool in virology and gene therapy.

Other names

GPR108LUSTR2Lung seven transmembrane receptor 2Protein GPR108lung seven transmembrane receptor 2

For AAV gene therapy vectors: acts as a cellular entry factor required for AAV entry into cells; mechanism involves facilitating endosomal escape and potentially interacting with viral capsid domains For immune/inflammatory signaling: modulates NF-κB activation and attenuates Toll-like receptor response (molecular details not fully characterized)