G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119)

GPR119 is a Class A (Rhodopsin-like) G protein-coupled receptor highly expressed in pancreatic β-cells and enteroendocrine cells. It plays a crucial role in glucose homeostasis by potentiating glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and stimulating the release of incretin hormones such as GLP-1. Activation of GPR119 leads to increased cAMP production. It is considered a therapeutic target for type II diabetes mellitus and obesity due to its ability to enhance insulin secretion, improve glucose tolerance, and reduce food intake.

Other names

GPCR2G protein-coupled receptor 119

Agonist binding stimulates the Gαs subunit, activating adenylate cyclase and increasing intracellular cAMP levels, leading to potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic β-cells and stimulation of incretin hormone release from enteroendocrine cells.