G protein-coupled receptor 32 (GPR32)

G protein-coupled receptor 32 (GPR32) is a human transmembrane receptor in the rhodopsin-like family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)[1][3][5]. Initially classified as an *orphan receptor* without a known endogenous ligand, GPR32 was later identified as a receptor for several D-series resolvins (e.g., resolvin D1, D3, and D5)—specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators derived from the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)[1][7][9]. Activation of GPR32 by these resolvins mediates potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving activities, such as limiting neutrophil migration, enhancing the clearance of cellular debris by macrophages, and promoting the resolution of inflammatory lesions, thereby restoring tissue homeostasis[1][9]. GPR32 is expressed in various immune cells (neutrophils, activated CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, T helper 17 cells, and tissue macrophages), as well as small airway epithelial cells and adipose tissue[1]. GPR32’s closest homologous receptors are the formyl peptide receptors (FPR family), which also mediate responses to lipid pro-resolving mediators[9]. GPR32 is not present in mouse or typical rodent genomes, complicating preclinical research[1]. As of the latest research, it is not yet a primary clinical target, but is of growing interest for the treatment of chronic inflammatory and auto-inflammatory diseases due to its unique role in resolving inflammation[1][9].

Other names

RvD1 receptorProbable G-protein coupled receptor 32

Activation of GPR32 by resolvins triggers intracellular signaling leading to reduced neutrophil migration, enhanced clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages, suppression of excessive inflammatory responses, and promotion of resolution phase (restoration of homeostasis)[1][7][9].