G protein-coupled receptor 78 (GPR78)

G protein-coupled receptor 78 (GPR78) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, characterized by seven transmembrane domains and the ability to transduce extracellular signals via coupling to heterotrimeric G proteins[3][5]. GPR78 is an orphan receptor, meaning that its endogenous ligand has not been identified. The receptor displays significant constitutive (basal, ligand-independent) activity, primarily coupling to the G(s)-alpha protein, which stimulates adenylate cyclase to increase intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP)[3][5]. Evidence from genetic association studies suggests a possible involvement of GPR78 in susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders such as bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia, as well as in gastric cancer risk, but its precise physiological function remains unclear[3]. There are known alternatively spliced transcript variants of the GPR78 gene[3]. No drugs are currently known to target GPR78 directly, and research continues to elucidate its biological and therapeutic significance.

Other names

GPR78G-protein coupled receptor 78UNQ5925/PRO19818