G protein-coupled receptor 85 (GPR85)

G protein-coupled receptor 85 (GPR85), also known as SREB2, is a highly conserved member of the GPCR superfamily, specifically within the Rhodopsin-like Class A subfamily. It possesses a seven transmembrane domain architecture typical of GPCRs and is abundantly expressed in regions of the brain linked to synaptic plasticity, notably the hippocampal dentate gyrus. GPR85 is unique for its near-absolute evolutionary conservation across vertebrates, suggesting critical functional significance. Experimental data indicate that GPR85 plays a role in brain development, behavior regulation, and cognitive processes. Overexpression in transgenic mice leads to reduced brain weight and behavioral abnormalities resembling psychiatric illnesses, while knockout increases brain weight and may enhance memory. Human genetic studies associate GPR85 variants with susceptibility to schizophrenia and reduced hippocampal volume. GPR85 remains an orphan receptor, with no known endogenous ligand or drug therapies directly targeting it, but its pathway is considered a promising target for neuropsychiatric drug development.

Other names

SREB2Probable G-protein coupled receptor 85Super conserved receptor expressed in brain 2SREBSeven transmembrane helix receptorPutative G protein-coupled receptor 85

Presumed modulation of neural integrity and plasticity via G protein-coupled signal transduction. When targeted, GPCRs generally act through heterotrimeric G protein signaling cascades, affecting second messenger generation (as for related Class A GPCRs)