G protein subunit alpha-12 (GNA12)

G protein subunit alpha-12 (GNA12) is a member of the G12 subfamily of heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits that link cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to intracellular signaling cascades. GNA12 couples GPCRs predominantly to Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs), leading to activation of RhoA and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, regulation of cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. GNA12 also controls transcriptional programs via effectors such as AP-1 and STAT3, and modulates various signaling pathways including PLC, MAPK, TOR, and Na/H exchange. Aberrant GNA12 signaling is implicated in cancer progression, metabolic disorders, and inflammatory responses due to its broad regulatory functions across a variety of tissues

Other names

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12G alpha-12GNA12gepHG1M1NNX3RMPguanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12WUGSC:H_GS165O14.2g alpha-12guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein) alpha 12heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein 1M1

Activation or inhibition of upstream GPCRs that preferentially couple to GNA12 (G protein subunit alpha-12) alters downstream RhoA/RhoGEF pathways, actin cytoskeleton, and gene transcription