G protein subunit beta 3 (GNB3)

G protein subunit beta 3 (GNB3) is a regulatory subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins, which are involved in transducing signals from membrane receptors to intracellular effectors in cells. The beta subunit, along with gamma and alpha subunits, is essential for modulating G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, GDP/GTP exchange, and interaction with downstream effectors. GNB3 has been widely studied for its C825T polymorphism, which is associated with essential hypertension, obesity, and several signal transduction phenotypes. The gene belongs to the WD-repeat G protein beta family and is expressed in various tissues, where it helps couple extracellular signals to cellular responses. The C825T variant produces a splice variant (GNB3-s), leading to altered signaling capacity that is implicated in disease risk, especially hypertension. No drugs currently directly target GNB3, but its influence on signal transduction may modulate therapeutic responses to molecules acting via GPCRs.

Other names

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3Transducin beta chain 3G protein, beta-3 subunitGTP-binding regulatory protein beta-3 chainguanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 3GNB3-sCSNB1HHG2Dheterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein 2DG protein subunit β 3Gβ3

Not directly targeted; GNB3 variants may influence signal transduction response and drug efficacy, especially for agents acting via G protein-coupled receptors.