Galanin receptor 3 (GALR3)

Galanin receptor 3 is a 7-transmembrane domain G protein-coupled receptor encoded by the GALR3 gene. It is part of the galanin receptor family, including GALR1 and GALR2, which binds the neuropeptide galanin and spexin. GalR3 is primarily expressed in the hypothalamus, though reports suggest wider distribution in both central and peripheral tissues. It couples mainly to the inhibitory Gi/o pathway, downregulating adenylyl cyclase activity and reducing intracellular cAMP. Biological roles include regulation of energy metabolism, nociception, mood, sleep, and hormone release. Selective ligands remain limited, but GalR3-selective antagonists are under investigation for neuropsychiatric and pain disorders.

Other names

GALR3Galanin receptor type 3GalR3

Antagonists: block GalR3-mediated Gi/o signaling, potentially anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Agonists: stimulate Gi/o signaling leading to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, reduced cAMP, and downstream cellular effects.