Galanin receptor 3 (GALR3) (GALR3)

Galanin receptor 3 (GALR3) is a Class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that serves as a key mediator for the neuropeptide galanin and the peptide spexin. It is primarily expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in the hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus, as well as in the retina and peripheral vasculature. GALR3 signaling predominantly occurs via the Gi/o-protein pathway, leading to the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and the modulation of potassium channels. This receptor is a significant therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric conditions, with selective antagonists demonstrating potential in preclinical models for treating anxiety, depression, and alcohol use disorders. Recent research also suggests a role for GALR3 in ocular health, specifically in protecting against inflammation and oxidative stress in retinal degenerative diseases like retinitis pigmentosa. While several high-affinity research tools such as SNAP-37889 exist, no GALR3-targeted drugs are currently approved for clinical use.

Other names

Galanin receptor type 3GAL3-RGALR-3GALNR3GAL3 receptor

Competitive antagonism of the GALR3 receptor to block Gi/o-mediated signaling pathways, which is associated with anxiolytic and anti-addictive effects; or agonism via endogenous peptides and synthetic ligands to modulate neurotransmission and metabolic homeostasis.