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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Galectin-9
- Molecular classification
- Lectins, Galectins
01
Overview
Galectin-9 is a member of the galectin family of beta-galactoside-binding lectins. It contains two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) and is widely expressed in various tissues. It functions as an immunomodulator, inducing apoptosis of activated T cells and regulating Th17/Treg balance. It interacts with receptors such as HAVCR2/TIM3, CLEC7A, CD137, and CD40 on immune cells. Galectin-9 also plays roles in tumor biology, suppressing tumor metastasis and influencing angiogenesis. Intracellularly, it acts as a lysosome stress sensor, linking lysosomal damage to mTOR inhibition via AMPK signaling. It is implicated in allergic responses and has emerged as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy.
02
Mechanism of action
Modulation of immune cell function; induction of apoptosis; regulation of T cell balance; lysosomal stress response via AMPK/mTOR pathway.
03
Biological functions
Immune regulationApoptosisCell deathImmunosuppressionAngiogenesis regulationAutophagy controlAllergy modulationLysosome stress sensingAMPK/mTOR pathway regulation
04
Disease associations
CancerAsthmaAnaphylaxisLiver diseaseCNS disordersIntestinal disorders
05
Safety considerations
Potential for immune suppressionComplex and context-dependent effects on immune cellsPotential for off-target effects due to broad tissue expression
06
Interacting drugs
Metformin
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