Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit gamma-2 (GABAA receptor gamma-2 subunit)

Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit gamma-2 is a protein encoded by the *GABRG2* gene in humans and is an essential component of the GABA(_A_) receptor, the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor in the mammalian central nervous system[1][2][3]. This receptor forms a pentameric chloride ion channel, typically composed of two α, two β, and one γ2 subunit, and mediates phasic and tonic inhibition in neurons. The γ2 subunit is specifically required for normal synaptic targeting, clustering, and benzodiazepine sensitivity of the receptor[1]. Mutations in *GABRG2* are linked to a spectrum of epileptic disorders, with functional consequences for inhibitory tone and seizure susceptibility[2]. Drugs targeting γ2-containing GABA(_A_) receptors include benzodiazepines and Z-drugs, used clinically for their anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, and hypnotic effects[4].

Other names

GABAA receptor subunit gamma-2GABRG2Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2GABA-A receptor gamma-2 subunit

Positive allosteric modulation (benzodiazepines, barbiturates) enhancing the receptor response to GABA[3][4]. Direct agonism (some anesthetics, barbiturates). Benzodiazepines increase receptor opening frequency in presence of GABA via the gamma-2 subunit[3][4]. Zolpidem and similar “Z-drugs” selectively modulate gamma-2–containing receptors[4].