Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor delta subunit (GABRD)

The Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor delta subunit (GABRD) is a specialized subunit of GABAA receptors, which are the major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain. GABAA receptors containing the δ-subunit are primarily located extrasynaptically and mediate tonic inhibition, a slow, persistent form of inhibitory neurotransmission that differs from the rapid, phasic inhibition mediated by synaptic GABAA receptors. The δ-subunit typically assembles with specific α subunits (particularly α4, but also α1 in some brain regions) and β subunits to form functional pentameric receptors. These receptors show distinctive pharmacological properties, including high sensitivity to GABA, insensitivity to benzodiazepines, and enhanced responsiveness to ethanol and neurosteroids. The extrasynaptic localization and unique properties of δ-containing GABAA receptors make them important targets for understanding and potentially treating various neurological conditions, including alcohol use disorders, epilepsy, and pain conditions. The δ-subunit's involvement in the brain's reward pathways also suggests potential roles in addiction mechanisms and learning processes.

Other names

Delta subunit of GABAA receptorδ-containing GABAA receptorsδ-GABAA receptorsBenzodiazepine-insensitive GABAA receptors

Modulation of chloride ion influx through the channel pore, primarily mediating tonic inhibition of neuronal activity. These receptors are benzodiazepine-insensitive.