Gap junction connexin (Connexin (Cx; generic; for example, Connexin 43 is Cx43))

Gap junction connexins are a family of channel-forming proteins that assemble into hexameric units (connexons) and bridge adjacent animal cells, forming gap junctions[1][2][3][4][5][7]. These channels permit the direct passage of ions and small molecules (<1 kDa) between cells, providing crucial pathways for electrical and metabolic coupling, most notably in the heart, nervous system, liver, and other tissues[2][4][5][7]. Connexins are encoded by a multi-member gene family (21 in humans), with distinct isoforms expressed in a tissue- and context-specific manner—examples include Connexin 43 (GJA1), Connexin 26 (GJB2), and Connexin 32 (GJB1)[2][3][4][5]. Disruption or mutation of connexins underlies a spectrum of human diseases, including certain hereditary deafnesses, peripheral neuropathies, cardiac arrhythmias, skin disorders, cataracts, and select cancers[2][4][7]. Experimentally, connexins (particularly Cx43, Cx26, Cx32) are investigated as therapeutic targets in oncology, cardiovascular disease, and tissue repair, though clinical therapies remain largely investigational due to broad physiological roles and associated safety concerns[2][4][7].

Other names

Connexin proteinCxGap junction proteinConnexon subunit

Inhibition of gap junction channel conductance; Modulation of connexin expression; Disruption of hemichannel function; Stabilization or opening/closing of gap junctions