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Gastric lipase
- Molecular classification
- acid lipase gene family, α/β-hydrolase fold structure
01
Overview
Gastric lipase is an acidic lipase encoded by the LIPF gene, secreted by gastric chief cells. It functions optimally at pH 3-6 and hydrolyzes triglyceride ester bonds, initiating dietary fat digestion in the stomach and continuing in the duodenum. It forms part of the acid lipase gene family and features a catalytic triad but does not require cofactors like pancreatic lipase. Gastric lipase is crucial for fat digestion in infants and becomes particularly important when pancreatic function is impaired. Low levels are associated with gastric cancer. Unlike pancreatic lipase, it doesn't require bile acid or colipase, making it effective in acidic environments. Its activity can be inhibited by drugs like Orlistat.
02
Mechanism of action
Orlistat interferes with the activity of lipase enzymes by blocking them from breaking down fats, preventing fat absorption.
03
Biological functions
Digestion of dietary fats in the stomachHydrolyzes ester bonds of triglyceridesProduces fatty acids and diacylglycerolsInitial breakdown of fats, especially short-chainHydrolyzing milk fat globule membranes in infantsContinues hydrolysis of triacylglycerol in the duodenum
04
Disease associations
Low levels observed in gastric cancer patientsMore important role in fat digestion in pancreatic insufficiency conditions (cystic fibrosis, Crohn's disease, celiac disease)Increased production when pancreas function is compromised
05
Interacting drugs
Orlistat
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