Gastric volume occupancy

Gastric volume occupancy is a mechanical therapeutic mechanism, rather than a molecular target, used primarily for weight management and the treatment of obesity. It involves the physical filling of the stomach lumen to induce early and prolonged satiety by stimulating gastric mechanoreceptors located in the stomach wall [Cummings & Overduin, 2007]. These mechanoreceptors transmit signals via the vagus nerve to the central nervous system, specifically the hypothalamus, to inhibit hunger and promote a feeling of fullness [Gelesis, 2019]. This approach is typically achieved through the use of non-systemic agents such as superabsorbent hydrogels (e.g., Gelesis100/Plenity) or medical devices like intragastric balloons [FDA, 2019; Imaz et al., 2008]. By increasing the bulk of the gastric contents without adding significant calories, these interventions facilitate weight loss through reduced food consumption. Because the mechanism is physical and localized to the gastrointestinal tract, it avoids many of the systemic side effects associated with metabolic or neurochemical weight-loss drugs. However, it may cause localized gastrointestinal discomfort such as bloating or abdominal pain [FDA, 2019]. This mechanism is particularly relevant for patients with a BMI between 25 and 40 kg/m² who require non-pharmacological or non-surgical weight loss options.

Other names

Gastric distensionIntragastric volumeGastric fillingSatiety-inducing bulkGastric space-occupying effect

Physical occupation of the gastric lumen to stimulate mechanoreceptors and induce satiety [Cummings & Overduin, 2007; Gelesis, 2019].