Gastrointestinal microbiome community structure (Gut microbiome)

The gastrointestinal microbiome community structure represents the collective assembly of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, inhabiting the human digestive tract. This complex ecosystem functions as a metabolic organ, contributing to the fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates and the synthesis of essential vitamins like K and B12 [1]. It plays a fundamental role in the maturation and regulation of the host's mucosal immune system, helping to maintain intestinal barrier integrity and systemic homeostasis [2]. Maintaining a diverse and balanced community structure is vital for preventing the overgrowth of pathogens like Clostridioides difficile and mitigating chronic inflammation [3]. Dysbiosis, or the disruption of this community, is implicated in a wide range of pathologies, including inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic syndrome, and certain neuropsychiatric conditions [4]. Therapeutic targeting of the microbiome involves the use of antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, and live biotherapeutic products to correct these imbalances [5]. Recent clinical advancements, such as the FDA approval of fecal-derived microbiota products, have validated the gut community structure as a viable therapeutic target for preventing disease recurrence [6]. [1] NIH Human Microbiome Project. [2] Belkaid Y, Hand TW. Cell. 2014. [3] Khanna S, Pardi DS. Ther Adv Gastroenterol. 2016. [4] Fan Y, Pedersen O. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021. [5] Suez J, et al. Cell. 2018. [6] FDA News Release, 2023.

Other names

Gut microbiotaIntestinal floraGastrointestinal microbiotaGut microbiome compositionIntestinal microbiome

Restoration of microbial diversity and competitive exclusion of pathogens through the introduction of commensal species or modulation of the environment to favor beneficial microbes.