General transcription factor IIA subunit 1 (GTF2A1)

General transcription factor IIA subunit 1 (GTF2A1) is a core component of the eukaryotic transcription machinery required for accurate initiation of transcription on TATA-containing class II genes by RNA polymerase II[1][5][7]. It forms part of the TFIIA complex, consisting of alpha (35 kDa), beta (19 kDa)—both encoded together and produced by posttranslational cleavage—and gamma (12 kDa) subunits[1][5]. GTF2A1 interacts with the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and stabilizes the preinitiation complex, facilitating promoter recognition and supporting transcriptional activation[1][5][7]. It plays a role in assembling the basal transcription complex and regulating gene expression, but is not generally considered a direct therapeutic target, and no drugs are known to specifically interact with it[1][2][5]. GTF2A1 is evolutionarily conserved and localizes primarily to the nucleoplasm and cytosol[2][6]. Its dysfunction could, in principle, disrupt normal gene expression and cellular function, but there are no established disease associations, biomarkers, or unique safety concerns described for this factor at present[1][6][7].

Other names

Transcription initiation factor IIA subunit 1Transcription initiation factor IIA alpha chainTranscription initiation factor IIA beta chainTF2A1TFIIA-42TFIIATFIIALTranscription initiation factor TFIIA 42 kDa subunitTFIIA p35 subunitTFIIA p19 subunitTFIIA alpha/beta subunitsgeneral transcription factor IIA 1general transcription factor IIA